"Formal organization is a system of consciously coordinated activities of two or more persons toward a common objective". This definition of formal organization is given by:
Solution
✅ Correct Option: 1
Option 1 -> Chester Barnard is a pioneering management theorist who authored "The Functions of the Executive" (1938) and is renowned for defining formal organization with emphasis on coordinated activities and common objectives. Option 2 -> Louis Allen is known for his contributions to management and delegation principles, but this specific definition of formal organization is not attributed to him. Option 3 -> Keith Davis is a management scholar recognized for his work in organizational behavior and human relations, but he did not provide this particular definition. Option 4 -> Theo Haimann contributed to management theory and principles, but this classical definition of formal organization is not his work. Hence, Option 1: Chester Barnard -> Chester Barnard gave this definition in his seminal work "The Functions of the Executive" (1938), where he emphasized that formal organizations are characterized by conscious coordination of activities among people working toward shared objectives. This definition became foundational in organizational theory. -> correct
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