Which of the following is not a function of management?

Option 1 -> Planning involves setting organizational goals and determining the best course of action to achieve them. This is a primary management function. Option 2 -> Controlling involves monitoring performance, comparing it with goals, and taking corrective action when necessary. This is a key management function. Option 3 -> Cooperating refers to working together harmoniously, which is a desirable organizational behavior but not classified as a distinct function of management. Option 4 -> Staffing involves recruiting, selecting, training, and developing employees to fill organizational positions. This is an essential management function. Hence, Option 3: Cooperating -> Cooperating is not recognized as one of the primary functions of management. The traditional management functions are Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, and Controlling. While cooperation is important for organizational success, it is a principle or behavior rather than a distinct management function -> correct