Through ______ managers not only tell the people in the organisation as to what they should do, when they should do and how they should do but also see that their instructions are implemented in proper perspective.

Option 1 -> Planning involves setting goals and determining future courses of action, but does not include instructing employees or supervising implementation.

Option 2 -> Organising focuses on arranging resources and establishing organizational structure, not on giving instructions or overseeing their execution.

Option 3 -> Directing involves guiding, instructing, and supervising employees - telling them what, when, and how to do tasks while ensuring proper implementation through leadership and communication.

Option 4 -> Controlling is about monitoring performance against standards and taking corrective action, which comes after the execution phase rather than during instruction and guidance.

Hence, Option 3: Directing -> Directing is the management function through which managers communicate instructions (what, when, and how) to subordinates and supervise their execution to ensure tasks are implemented in the proper perspective. It encompasses leadership, communication, motivation, and supervision -> correct