Identify the advantages of formal organization from the options given below. (A) It is easier to fix responsibility since mutual relationships are clearly defined. (B) There is no ambiguity in the role that each member has to play as duties are specified. This also helps in avoiding duplication of effort. (C) It helps to fulfill the social needs of the members and allows them to find like minded people. This enhances their job satisfaction since it gives them a sense of belongingness in the organisation. (D) Unity of command is maintained through an established chain of command. Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Option 1 -> Includes (A), (B), and (D) which are all characteristics of formal organization - clear responsibilities, defined roles, and established chain of command. Option 2 -> Includes (C) which describes informal organization's advantage of fulfilling social needs, not a formal organization advantage. Option 3 -> Includes all options including (C), which relates to informal organization where social relationships and belongingness are key features, not formal organization. Option 4 -> Excludes (A) and includes (C); (A) is clearly a formal organization advantage, while (C) is not. Hence, Option 1: (A), (B) and (D) only -> Statements (A), (B), and (D) are genuine advantages of formal organization: clearly defined responsibilities and relationships, specified duties without ambiguity, and unity of command through established hierarchy. Statement (C) describes the advantage of informal organization, which naturally emerges to fulfill social needs and create belongingness - this is not a characteristic of formal organization which focuses on structure, hierarchy, and defined roles rather than social fulfillment -> correct