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In which of the following interval, the function f(x)=xlog⁡xf(x) = \frac{x}{\log x} is decreasing?

Solution

✅ Correct Option: 3

The function f(x)=xlog⁡xf(x) = \frac{x}{\log x} is decreasing when its derivative is negative.

The domain requires x>0x > 0 and log⁡x≠0\log x \neq 0, so x≠1x \neq 1.

Domain: x∈(0,∞)−{1}x \in (0, \infty) - \{1\}


Using the quotient rule with u=xu = x and v=log⁡xv = \log x:

f′(x)=(1)⋅(log⁡x)−(x)⋅(1x)(log⁡x)2f'(x) = \frac{(1) \cdot (\log x) - (x) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{x}\right)}{(\log x)^2}

f′(x)=log⁡x−1(log⁡x)2f'(x) = \frac{\log x - 1}{(\log x)^2}


For the function to be decreasing, f′(x)<0f'(x) < 0:

log⁡x−1(log⁡x)2<0\frac{\log x - 1}{(\log x)^2} < 0

Since (log⁡x)2(\log x)^2 is always positive, the sign depends on the numerator:

log⁡x−1<0\log x - 1 < 0

log⁡x<1\log x < 1

x<ex < e


Combining with the domain:

x<ex < e and x>0x > 0 and x≠1x \neq 1

Therefore, the function is decreasing on (0,e)−{1}(0, e) - \{1\}.

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