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The function f:[−1,1]→Rf: [-1, 1] \rightarrow R (set of real numbers) given by f(x)=xx+3f(x) = \frac{x}{x+3} is

Solution

✅ Correct Option: 1

The function f:[−1,1]→Rf: [-1, 1] \to \mathbb{R} is given by f(x)=xx+3f(x) = \frac{x}{x+3}.

To determine if the function is one-one (injective) and onto (surjective):


To check if the function is one-one, find the derivative:

f′(x)=ddx(xx+3)f'(x) = \frac{d}{dx}\left(\frac{x}{x+3}\right)

Using the quotient rule:

f′(x)=(x+3)(1)−x(1)(x+3)2f'(x) = \frac{(x+3)(1) - x(1)}{(x+3)^2}

f′(x)=x+3−x(x+3)2f'(x) = \frac{x+3-x}{(x+3)^2}

f′(x)=3(x+3)2f'(x) = \frac{3}{(x+3)^2}

For x∈[−1,1]x \in [-1, 1], we have x+3∈[2,4]x+3 \in [2, 4], so (x+3)2>0(x+3)^2 > 0.

Therefore f′(x)=3(x+3)2>0f'(x) = \frac{3}{(x+3)^2} > 0 for all x∈[−1,1]x \in [-1, 1].

The function is strictly increasing on [−1,1][-1, 1], so it is one-one.


To check if the function is onto, find the range.

Since ff is continuous and increasing on [−1,1][-1, 1], the range is [f(−1),f(1)][f(-1), f(1)].

f(−1)=−1−1+3f(-1) = \frac{-1}{-1+3}

f(−1)=−12f(-1) = \frac{-1}{2}

f(−1)=−12f(-1) = -\frac{1}{2}

f(1)=11+3f(1) = \frac{1}{1+3}

f(1)=14f(1) = \frac{1}{4}

The range of ff is [−12,14]\left[-\frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{4}\right].

The codomain is R\mathbb{R} (all real numbers).

Since the range [−12,14]≠R\left[-\frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{4}\right] \neq \mathbb{R}, the function is not onto.


The function is one-one but not onto.

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