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Which of the following statements are true?

(A) The vector joining the points P(2, 3, 0) and Q(-1,-2,-4) directed from P to Q is PQ⃗=−3i^−5j^−4k^\vec{PQ} = -3\hat{i} - 5\hat{j} - 4\hat{k}

(B) Projection of a vector a⃗\vec{a} on other vector b⃗\vec{b} is a⃗.b⃗∣a⃗∣\frac{\vec{a}.\vec{b}}{|\vec{a}|}

(C) If a⃗=i^−2j^+k^\vec{a} = \hat{i} - 2\hat{j} + \hat{k} and b⃗=−2i^+4j^+5k^\vec{b} = -2\hat{i} + 4\hat{j} + 5\hat{k} then a⃗+b⃗=−i^+2j^+6k^\vec{a} + \vec{b} = -\hat{i} + 2\hat{j} + 6\hat{k}

(D) If θ\theta is the angle between a⃗\vec{a} and b⃗\vec{b} then cos⁡θ=a⃗.b⃗∣a⃗∣∣b⃗∣\cos \theta = \frac{\vec{a}.\vec{b}}{|\vec{a}||\vec{b}|}

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Solution

✅ Correct Option: 1

Given P(2, 3, 0) and Q(-1, -2, -4)

The vector from P to Q is:

PQ⃗=Q−P\vec{PQ} = Q - P

PQ⃗=(−1−2)i^+(−2−3)j^+(−4−0)k^\vec{PQ} = (-1 - 2)\hat{i} + (-2 - 3)\hat{j} + (-4 - 0)\hat{k}

PQ⃗=−3i^−5j^−4k^\vec{PQ} = -3\hat{i} - 5\hat{j} - 4\hat{k}

Statement (A) is TRUE.


The projection of vector a⃗\vec{a} on vector b⃗\vec{b} is given by:

Projection =a⃗.b⃗∣b⃗∣= \frac{\vec{a}.\vec{b}}{|\vec{b}|}

The statement claims the denominator is ∣a⃗∣|\vec{a}|, which is incorrect. The denominator should be the magnitude of the vector on which the projection is taken.

Statement (B) is FALSE.


Given a⃗=i^−2j^+k^\vec{a} = \hat{i} - 2\hat{j} + \hat{k} and b⃗=−2i^+4j^+5k^\vec{b} = -2\hat{i} + 4\hat{j} + 5\hat{k}

Adding component by component:

i^\hat{i} components: 1+(−2)=−11 + (-2) = -1

j^\hat{j} components: −2+4=2-2 + 4 = 2

k^\hat{k} components: 1+5=61 + 5 = 6

a⃗+b⃗=−i^+2j^+6k^\vec{a} + \vec{b} = -\hat{i} + 2\hat{j} + 6\hat{k}

Statement (C) is TRUE.


The angle between two vectors a⃗\vec{a} and b⃗\vec{b} is given by:

cos⁡θ=a⃗.b⃗∣a⃗∣∣b⃗∣\cos\theta = \frac{\vec{a}.\vec{b}}{|\vec{a}||\vec{b}|}

This is the standard formula.

Statement (D) is TRUE.


Statements (A), (C), and (D) are true.

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