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Let rer_e denote the effective rate corresponding to the nominal rate r, compounded m times in a year. Let P be the principal and rate per conversion period is i=rmi=\frac{r}{m}, then effective rate of interest is:

Solution

✅ Correct Option: 4

One unit of principal grows to (1+rm)m\left(1+\frac{r}{m}\right)^m in a year under mm conversions.

The effective rate is the extra growth over the year, so re=(1+rm)m−1r_e=\left(1+\frac{r}{m}\right)^m-1.

It is a rate, not an amount, so the principal PP does not appear.

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