Which of the following approaches is not associated to valuation of bonds ?

Ram takes a loan of ₹5,00,000 from a bank at an interest rate of 6% per annum for 10 years. He wants to pay back the loan in equated monthly installments, then his EMI by using flat rate method is :

A machine costing Rs. 25000 has a useful life of 4 years. The estimated scrap value is Rs. 5000. The annual depreciation by linear method is

On 1st April 2024, person 'X' purchased a machinery costing ₹ 65000 and spent ₹ 10000 on its installation. The estimated effective life of the machinery is 5 years with a scrap value of ₹ 10000. The annual depreciation using the straight-line method with the accounting year ending on 31st March 2025 is:

Ram invested ₹10,000 in a stock of a company for 6 years. The value of his investment at the end of each year is given below:

Then CAGR % of his investment is:

(Given $(1.4)^{1/6}=1.058$)

If a moneylender charges 'interest' at the rate of 10 rupees per 100 rupees per half year, payable in advance, then the effective rate of interest per annum is

Ram invested Rs.20,000 in a mutual fund in the year 2012. The value of the mutual fund increased to Rs.32,000 in the year 2017, then the compound annual growth rate of his investment is (Given that $(1.6)^{\frac{1}{5}} = 1.098$)