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Let A, B, and C be the three mutually independent events with their probabilities equal to x,yx, y and zz respectively. Then the probability that exactly two of these events occur is

Solution

✅ Correct Option: 3

"Exactly two events occur" means we need to consider three separate cases:

  1. A and B occur, but C does not
  2. A and C occur, but B does not
  3. B and C occur, but A does not

Since the events are independent, we can multiply their probabilities directly.

Case 1: A and B occur, C does not

The probability that C does not occur = 1−z1 - z

Probability = x×y×(1−z)=xy−xyzx \times y \times (1-z) = xy - xyz

Case 2: A and C occur, B does not

The probability that B does not occur = 1−y1 - y

Probability = x×z×(1−y)=xz−xyzx \times z \times (1-y) = xz - xyz

Case 3: B and C occur, A does not

The probability that A does not occur = 1−x1 - x

Probability = y×z×(1−x)=yz−xyzy \times z \times (1-x) = yz - xyz


The total probability that exactly two events occur:

(xy−xyz)+(xz−xyz)+(yz−xyz)(xy - xyz) + (xz - xyz) + (yz - xyz)

=xy+xz+yz−3xyz= xy + xz + yz - 3xyz

=xy+yz+zx−3xyz= xy + yz + zx - 3xyz

The answer is Option 3.

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