Earthquake refers to the vibration on the earth's surface caused by catastrophic endogenetic forces.

(A) The magnitude or intensity of energy released by an earthquake is not measured by the modified Mercalli Intensity Scale.

(B) The place on the ground surface which is perpendicular to the focus is called the epicenter.

(C) Seismology is the special branch of geology that deals with the study of earthquakes.

(D) Shadow zones are some specific areas where earthquake waves do not occur or occur rarely.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Option 1 -> Excludes statement (C) which is correct (Seismology does study earthquakes).

Option 2 -> Includes statement (A) which is problematic - the Modified Mercalli Scale does measure intensity (observed shaking effects), though not magnitude/energy.

Option 3 -> Excludes statement (D) which is correct (Shadow zones are real areas where certain seismic waves don't reach).

Option 4 -> Includes (B), (C), and (D) which are all correct statements about earthquakes.

Hence, Option 4: (B), (C) and (D) only -> Statement (B) correctly defines epicenter as the surface point above the focus; statement (C) correctly identifies seismology as the study of earthquakes; statement (D) correctly describes shadow zones where specific seismic waves cannot reach due to Earth's internal structure. Statement (A) is excluded because the Modified Mercalli Scale DOES measure intensity (though it measures observed shaking intensity, not magnitude or energy released) -> correct