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Which of a following can be understood when a bottom of a vessel blackens on a outside during cooking?

Solution

✅ Correct Option: 3

Blackening is a deposit of unburnt carbon (soot). Soot forms only when the oxygen supply is insufficient, so the fuel burns partially and produces carbon particles and carbon monoxide instead of carbon dioxide. Complete combustion gives a clean blue flame and leaves no deposit, so the sooty base indicates incomplete combustion.

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