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Turn demand for marks into a supply of answers. Ride the invisible hand of preparation, balance your utilities, and prove that your marginal effort equals maximum success.
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Dk what they teach in CUET syllabus but as per my knowledge option D is widely debated, left-wing pro-interventionists say that the whole anti-keynesian crowding out theory doesn't hold true when there exists spare capacity and savings in the economy - keynesians said that instead crowding in happens: better investment means better infra which means better incentives to invest further kind of creating a multiplier effect (called the investment accelerator effect when it comes to investment)
So yeah crowding out is not a rule of law, it works and doesn't according to circumstances, it's just a logical theory by neo-classical economists
ohh alright thank you! This much detail isnt there in NCERT. NCERT only gives meaning of crowding out, but ig this is what is to learn from pyqs. Thanks for your quick response!