Which of the following is a demerit of price ceiling?

(A) Black Marketing.

(B) Stability of income of producers.

(C) Low quality product is offered to consumer.

(D) Standing in long queues to get allocated quota of the commodity.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Option 1 -> Incorrect. This includes (B) which is not a demerit of price ceiling.

Option 2 -> Incorrect. This includes (B) which is not a demerit of price ceiling.

Option 3 -> Incorrect. This includes (B) which is not a demerit but rather the opposite occurs under price ceiling.

Option 4 -> Correct. This correctly identifies only the actual demerits.

Hence, Option 4: (A), (C) and (D) only -> Price ceiling creates several demerits: (A) Black Marketing emerges because artificially low prices create shortages, encouraging illegal sales at higher prices; (C) Low quality products result as producers cut costs to maintain margins under controlled prices; (D) Long queues occur due to excess demand over supply, requiring rationing systems. However, (B) Stability of income of producers is NOT a demerit - in fact, price ceilings cause instability and reduction in producer income, which is the actual demerit. Statement (B) as written describes something positive, not a demerit. -> correct