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Words have their limitations and those who write, or those who read, also have their limitations or their own frameworks to understand words. Many words start their journey with some meaning, but over the centuries they gather different nuances or acquire a totally different meaning. When the writer uses a specific word with some specific meaning in mind, it is not necessary that the reader will have exactly the same meaning in mind while reading. Thus, the communication, and the intent of the writer gets hampered. The problem increases manifold when we talk about essentially Indian concepts in English.

Several Sanskrit words like Dharma, Yajna, Srishti, Jeevan Darshan, Ishvara, and Aatman are untranslatable in English, as of course, there are words in English like 'religion', 'secularism', 'exclusivism', 'theology', 'ideology', etc. which are untranslatable in Indian languages. These are not just words. They denote the characteristic thought process of that culture, which the people belonging to that culture can understand in that one word, but others outside that culture would need long explanation and yet may not grasp its meaning. Generally, people try to understand the word in the context of their cultural experience.

Thus, 'religion' is understood as Dharma by many Indians, whereas it is not Dharma. Dharma is understood as 'religion' by West-oriented thinkers, Indians and non-Indians. Similarly, Secularism is understood as equal treatment of all religions in India, whereas that is not its meaning in Europe. The usage of terms and their inherent meanings is a big topic in itself.

Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage?

(A) All Sanskrit words are translatable into English.

(B) Meanings of many words change with time.

(C) Several Sanskrit words like Yajna, Srishti and Aatman are not translatable into English.

(D) People tend to understand words in the context of their cultural experience.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Solution

✅ Correct Option: 1

Option 1 -> Statement (A) claims all Sanskrit words are translatable into English, but the passage explicitly states "Several Sanskrit words like Dharma, Yajna, Srishti...are untranslatable in English" - making this statement false.

Option 2 -> Statement (D) is directly supported by the passage which says "Generally, people try to understand the word in the context of their cultural experience" - so this is true.

Option 3 -> Statement (B) is confirmed by the passage: "Many words start their journey with some meaning, but over the centuries they gather different nuances or acquire a totally different meaning" - so this is true.

Option 4 -> Statement (C) is explicitly mentioned in the passage listing Yajna, Srishti, and Aatman as untranslatable Sanskrit words - so this is true.


Hence, Option 1 -> The question asks which statement is NOT TRUE, and statement (A) contradicts the passage which clearly states that several Sanskrit words are untranslatable, not that all are translatable -> correct

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