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Match List-I with List-II

List-IList-II
(A) Cardinal utility(I) Ranking consumption bundles.
(B) Perfect substitute goods(II) Level of utility can be expressed in numbers.
(C) Ordinal Utility(III) The marginal Rate of Substitution is 1.
(D) Complimentary goods(IV) An increase in the price of one good does not lead to an increase in demand for another good.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

  1. (A) - (I), (B) - (IV), (C) - (III), (D) - (II)
  2. (A) - (II), (B) - (III), (C) - (I), (D) - (IV)
  3. (A) - (I), (B) - (IV), (C) - (II), (D) - (III)
  4. (A) - (III), (B) - (IV), (C) - (I), (D) - (II)

Solution

✅ Correct Option: 2

Option 1 -> (A)-(I), (B)-(IV), (C)-(III), (D)-(II): Incorrect matching as cardinal utility involves numerical measurement, not ranking.

Option 2 -> (A)-(II), (B)-(III), (C)-(I), (D)-(IV): Correct matching - Cardinal utility is measurable numerically, perfect substitutes have MRS=1, ordinal utility involves ranking, and complementary goods are consumed together.

Option 3 -> (A)-(I), (B)-(IV), (C)-(II), (D)-(III): Incorrect as ordinal utility involves ranking, not numerical expression.

Option 4 -> (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II): Incorrect as perfect substitutes have constant MRS, not cardinal utility.


Hence, Option 2: (A) - (II), (B) - (III), (C) - (I), (D) - (IV) -> Cardinal utility assigns numerical values to satisfaction levels (utils). Perfect substitutes have a constant Marginal Rate of Substitution of 1, meaning they can be exchanged at a one-to-one ratio. Ordinal utility only ranks preferences without assigning specific numerical values. Complementary goods are consumed together (like tea and sugar), so when one becomes more expensive, demand for both decreases, not increases for the other. -> correct

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