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Which of the following constitutes as 'leakages' from the circular flow of income.

(A) Domestic Savings.

(B) Imports.

(C) Outward Foreign Direct Investment.

(D) Investment.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

  1. (A), (B) and (C) only
  2. (A), (B), (C) and (D)
  3. (B), (C) and (D) only
  4. (A), (B) and (D) only

Solution

✅ Correct Option: 1

Option 1 -> Includes Savings, Imports, and Outward FDI as leakages, excludes Investment - this correctly identifies leakages.

Option 2 -> Includes Investment as a leakage, which is incorrect as Investment is an injection, not a leakage.

Option 3 -> Excludes Domestic Savings but includes Investment - both errors make this incorrect.

Option 4 -> Includes Investment as a leakage and excludes Outward FDI - incorrect classification of both.


Hence, Option 1: (A), (B) and (C) only -> In the circular flow of income, leakages are withdrawals that reduce money circulation in the domestic economy. (A) Domestic Savings represents money not spent on consumption; (B) Imports drain money to foreign economies; (C) Outward FDI transfers domestic capital abroad. All three constitute leakages. However, (D) Investment is an injection (not a leakage) as it adds spending into the economy. The three primary leakages are Savings, Taxes, and Imports, while injections are Investment, Government Spending, and Exports. -> correct

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