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What were the main reasons for the high mortality rate in India on the eve of independence?

(A) Lack of adequate public health facilities.

(B) Occurrence of frequent natural calamities.

(C) Famines.

(D) Demographic transition.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Solution

✅ Correct Option: 1

On the eve of independence, mortality was high because of the lack of adequate public health facilities, frequent natural calamities and recurring famines. Demographic transition refers to the shift to low birth and death rates, which began only after 1921 as a long-run process and was not a cause of high mortality. Hence (A), (B) and (C) only.

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