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Which of the following condition must be satisfied for profit maximization under perfect competition for the Short Run (SR) and for the Long Run (LR) respectively?

Where P = Price, AVC = Average variable cost, AFC = Average fixed cost, AC = Average cost.

Solution

✅ Correct Option: 4

Under perfect competition a firm keeps producing in the short run as long as price covers average variable cost (P≥AVCP \geq AVC), since fixed costs are sunk anyway. In the long run all costs are variable, so price must cover the full average cost (P≥ACP \geq AC) for the firm to stay in the market.

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