Q1:

2026: 25 May Shift 1

Passage

Medium

The first rays of dawn crept silently over the valley, brushing the roofs of the small village with a golden hue. Meera stood by her window, watching the mist rise from the river like a living spirit. Every morning, she waited for this moment—the quiet awakening of the world, when the air still carried the scent of night, and time seemed to pause between darkness and light.

Her life had not been easy. The fields were dry, her father's health had worsened, and the village school where she taught was barely standing. Yet, every day, she crossed the hill to reach her classroom. Sometimes as she walked, she imagined her mother beside her—the way she used to before the years of hardship carved lines across her face. "Keep walking, Meera," her mother would whisper in memory. "The hill always hides the sunshine till the last moment."

Today, as Meera reached the top of the hill, she saw something that made her stop. A group of children, barefoot and laughing, were already outside the broken schoolhouse. They had gathered before she even arrived, clutching their slates and books like treasures. In that instant, the weariness of her journey melted away.

Meera smiled. She realized that beyond the hill—beyond the struggles, the loneliness, and the endless effort—there was light. Not the kind that came from the sun, but the kind that lived in the eagerness of young eyes and the unspoken promise of tomorrow.

'There was light.' What does the word light suggest here?

Answer options
Option 2
Correct Answer
Explanation for 2026: 25 May Shift 1 ENG question 1

Q2:

2026: 25 May Shift 1

Passage

Easy

The first rays of dawn crept silently over the valley, brushing the roofs of the small village with a golden hue. Meera stood by her window, watching the mist rise from the river like a living spirit. Every morning, she waited for this moment—the quiet awakening of the world, when the air still carried the scent of night, and time seemed to pause between darkness and light.

Her life had not been easy. The fields were dry, her father's health had worsened, and the village school where she taught was barely standing. Yet, every day, she crossed the hill to reach her classroom. Sometimes as she walked, she imagined her mother beside her—the way she used to before the years of hardship carved lines across her face. "Keep walking, Meera," her mother would whisper in memory. "The hill always hides the sunshine till the last moment."

Today, as Meera reached the top of the hill, she saw something that made her stop. A group of children, barefoot and laughing, were already outside the broken schoolhouse. They had gathered before she even arrived, clutching their slates and books like treasures. In that instant, the weariness of her journey melted away.

Meera smiled. She realized that beyond the hill—beyond the struggles, the loneliness, and the endless effort—there was light. Not the kind that came from the sun, but the kind that lived in the eagerness of young eyes and the unspoken promise of tomorrow.

What motivates Meera to keep teaching despite difficulties?

Answer options
Option 2,3
Correct Answer
Explanation for 2026: 25 May Shift 1 ENG question 2

Q3:

2026: 25 May Shift 1

Passage

Easy

The concept of Artificial Intelligence AI has evolved from a speculative idea into a transformative force shaping nearly every sector of human life. From healthcare and education to transportation and entertainment, AI-driven technologies are redefining efficiency, accuracy, and innovation. The ability of machines to analyze vast amounts of data, recognize patterns, and make independent decisions has made them indispensable in fields like medical diagnosis, climate modeling, and financial forecasting. For example, AI algorithms can now detect diseases such as cancer with accuracy levels comparable to human specialists.

However, the rise of AI also raises complex ethical and socio-economic questions. Automation threatens to displace millions of workers in traditional countries, while bias in algorithms can reinforce discrimination if not properly monitored. Governments and organizations worldwide are therefore focusing on creating regulatory frameworks that ensure transparency, accountability, and fairness in AI applications. The debate is no longer about whether AI should be used, but how it should be used responsibly.

Interestingly, some experts argue that the real power of AI lies not in replacing humans, but in augmenting human intelligence--helping people make better, faster and more informed decisions. Hybrid intelligence systems, where humans and machines collaborate, are being explored as a model for the future. Ultimately, the trajectory of AI will depend not just on technological advancement, but on the ethical choices humanity makes today. If guided wisely, AI could become one of the greatest tools ever created for human progress.

Replace the underlined group of words with a word from the passage:-

To form an opinion about something without knowing all the facts.

Answer options
Option 2
Correct Answer
Explanation for 2026: 25 May Shift 1 ENG question 3

Q4:

2026: 25 May Shift 1

Passage

Easy

The concept of Artificial Intelligence AI has evolved from a speculative idea into a transformative force shaping nearly every sector of human life. From healthcare and education to transportation and entertainment, AI-driven technologies are redefining efficiency, accuracy, and innovation. The ability of machines to analyze vast amounts of data, recognize patterns, and make independent decisions has made them indispensable in fields like medical diagnosis, climate modeling, and financial forecasting. For example, AI algorithms can now detect diseases such as cancer with accuracy levels comparable to human specialists.

However, the rise of AI also raises complex ethical and socio-economic questions. Automation threatens to displace millions of workers in traditional countries, while bias in algorithms can reinforce discrimination if not properly monitored. Governments and organizations worldwide are therefore focusing on creating regulatory frameworks that ensure transparency, accountability, and fairness in AI applications. The debate is no longer about whether AI should be used, but how it should be used responsibly.

Interestingly, some experts argue that the real power of AI lies not in replacing humans, but in augmenting human intelligence--helping people make better, faster and more informed decisions. Hybrid intelligence systems, where humans and machines collaborate, are being explored as a model for the future. Ultimately, the trajectory of AI will depend not just on technological advancement, but on the ethical choices humanity makes today. If guided wisely, AI could become one of the greatest tools ever created for human progress.

AI is indispensable as it -

Answer options
Option 2
Correct Answer
Explanation for 2026: 25 May Shift 1 ENG question 4

Q5:

2026: 25 May Shift 1

Passage

Easy

The concept of Artificial Intelligence AI has evolved from a speculative idea into a transformative force shaping nearly every sector of human life. From healthcare and education to transportation and entertainment, AI-driven technologies are redefining efficiency, accuracy, and innovation. The ability of machines to analyze vast amounts of data, recognize patterns, and make independent decisions has made them indispensable in fields like medical diagnosis, climate modeling, and financial forecasting. For example, AI algorithms can now detect diseases such as cancer with accuracy levels comparable to human specialists.

However, the rise of AI also raises complex ethical and socio-economic questions. Automation threatens to displace millions of workers in traditional countries, while bias in algorithms can reinforce discrimination if not properly monitored. Governments and organizations worldwide are therefore focusing on creating regulatory frameworks that ensure transparency, accountability, and fairness in AI applications. The debate is no longer about whether AI should be used, but how it should be used responsibly.

Interestingly, some experts argue that the real power of AI lies not in replacing humans, but in augmenting human intelligence--helping people make better, faster and more informed decisions. Hybrid intelligence systems, where humans and machines collaborate, are being explored as a model for the future. Ultimately, the trajectory of AI will depend not just on technological advancement, but on the ethical choices humanity makes today. If guided wisely, AI could become one of the greatest tools ever created for human progress.

What is the central idea of the text?

Answer options
Option 2
Correct Answer
Explanation for 2026: 25 May Shift 1 ENG question 5

Q6:

2026: 25 May Shift 1

Passage

Easy

The concept of Artificial Intelligence AI has evolved from a speculative idea into a transformative force shaping nearly every sector of human life. From healthcare and education to transportation and entertainment, AI-driven technologies are redefining efficiency, accuracy, and innovation. The ability of machines to analyze vast amounts of data, recognize patterns, and make independent decisions has made them indispensable in fields like medical diagnosis, climate modeling, and financial forecasting. For example, AI algorithms can now detect diseases such as cancer with accuracy levels comparable to human specialists.

However, the rise of AI also raises complex ethical and socio-economic questions. Automation threatens to displace millions of workers in traditional countries, while bias in algorithms can reinforce discrimination if not properly monitored. Governments and organizations worldwide are therefore focusing on creating regulatory frameworks that ensure transparency, accountability, and fairness in AI applications. The debate is no longer about whether AI should be used, but how it should be used responsibly.

Interestingly, some experts argue that the real power of AI lies not in replacing humans, but in augmenting human intelligence--helping people make better, faster and more informed decisions. Hybrid intelligence systems, where humans and machines collaborate, are being explored as a model for the future. Ultimately, the trajectory of AI will depend not just on technological advancement, but on the ethical choices humanity makes today. If guided wisely, AI could become one of the greatest tools ever created for human progress.

Complete the following sentence:-

The real power of AI lies in________.

Answer options
Option 1
Correct Answer
Explanation for 2026: 25 May Shift 1 ENG question 6

Q7:

2026: 25 May Shift 1

Passage

Medium

The concept of Artificial Intelligence AI has evolved from a speculative idea into a transformative force shaping nearly every sector of human life. From healthcare and education to transportation and entertainment, AI-driven technologies are redefining efficiency, accuracy, and innovation. The ability of machines to analyze vast amounts of data, recognize patterns, and make independent decisions has made them indispensable in fields like medical diagnosis, climate modeling, and financial forecasting. For example, AI algorithms can now detect diseases such as cancer with accuracy levels comparable to human specialists.

However, the rise of AI also raises complex ethical and socio-economic questions. Automation threatens to displace millions of workers in traditional countries, while bias in algorithms can reinforce discrimination if not properly monitored. Governments and organizations worldwide are therefore focusing on creating regulatory frameworks that ensure transparency, accountability, and fairness in AI applications. The debate is no longer about whether AI should be used, but how it should be used responsibly.

Interestingly, some experts argue that the real power of AI lies not in replacing humans, but in augmenting human intelligence--helping people make better, faster and more informed decisions. Hybrid intelligence systems, where humans and machines collaborate, are being explored as a model for the future. Ultimately, the trajectory of AI will depend not just on technological advancement, but on the ethical choices humanity makes today. If guided wisely, AI could become one of the greatest tools ever created for human progress.

What is the primary ethical concern related to AI?

Answer options
Option 3
Correct Answer
Explanation for 2026: 25 May Shift 1 ENG question 7

Q8:

2026: 24 May Shift 1

Passage

Easy

By all measures, we are living today in the best of times, but we complain as though we are in the worst of times. Since 1800, our population has increased sevenfold, and the number of farming units has fallen sharply. Yet, we have more food now than ever before. Obesity is already a declared illness but may well become an epidemic.

Also, 80% of people lived in dire poverty; currently, it's about 8.5%. As many as 88% were illiterate then compared to 10% today. Worldwide life expectancy has also doubled since then, and in 2024, it almost touched 74. Also, in the old days, 50% newborns died before turning five; now, below 4% do. While 19th-century American households spent 58 hours at household chores, now it's 18 hours.

They may look like cockroach survivors to many of us, but our ancestors in the heavens probably think we are the overreacting type who would readily burn a house to scare a mouse. That would not be fair. The Spanish Flu of 1918 wiped out 50 million and was more devastating than COVID-19 that killed 7 million. It is because we kept complaining that epidemic control evolved and got better.

Our complaints may not have brought down global warming yet, but it has flattened the rate of carbon emission. It is now rising at 0.2% per year and not 1.9% as it did between 2005 and 2014. Rarely, if ever, did people complain in the past about steam engines and chimney smoke darkening the skies. Instead, soot and yellow smoke became lyrical at the hands of poets.

This is what democracy has done to us. It's a time machine, and once we board it and if the person at the wheel is adroit, we are in for a ride at dizzying speed. We see and taste things nobody ever did before, and like spoiled brats at a roller coaster, we keep screaming for more. The machine, however, has a built-in flaw. It has no reverse gear and cannot go back to the past, near or distant.

According to the passage, all but this refers to the fact that progress is directly concomitant with improved living conditions.

Answer options
Option 4
Correct Answer
Explanation for 2026: 24 May Shift 1 ENG question 8

Q9:

2026: 24 May Shift 1

Passage

Medium

By all measures, we are living today in the best of times, but we complain as though we are in the worst of times. Since 1800, our population has increased sevenfold, and the number of farming units has fallen sharply. Yet, we have more food now than ever before. Obesity is already a declared illness but may well become an epidemic.

Also, 80% of people lived in dire poverty; currently, it's about 8.5%. As many as 88% were illiterate then compared to 10% today. Worldwide life expectancy has also doubled since then, and in 2024, it almost touched 74. Also, in the old days, 50% newborns died before turning five; now, below 4% do. While 19th-century American households spent 58 hours at household chores, now it's 18 hours.

They may look like cockroach survivors to many of us, but our ancestors in the heavens probably think we are the overreacting type who would readily burn a house to scare a mouse. That would not be fair. The Spanish Flu of 1918 wiped out 50 million and was more devastating than COVID-19 that killed 7 million. It is because we kept complaining that epidemic control evolved and got better.

Our complaints may not have brought down global warming yet, but it has flattened the rate of carbon emission. It is now rising at 0.2% per year and not 1.9% as it did between 2005 and 2014. Rarely, if ever, did people complain in the past about steam engines and chimney smoke darkening the skies. Instead, soot and yellow smoke became lyrical at the hands of poets.

This is what democracy has done to us. It's a time machine, and once we board it and if the person at the wheel is adroit, we are in for a ride at dizzying speed. We see and taste things nobody ever did before, and like spoiled brats at a roller coaster, we keep screaming for more. The machine, however, has a built-in flaw. It has no reverse gear and cannot go back to the past, near or distant.

The writer does not suggest that obesity is...

Answer options
Option 1
Correct Answer
Explanation for 2026: 24 May Shift 1 ENG question 9

Q10:

2026: 24 May Shift 1

Passage

Easy

By all measures, we are living today in the best of times, but we complain as though we are in the worst of times. Since 1800, our population has increased sevenfold, and the number of farming units has fallen sharply. Yet, we have more food now than ever before. Obesity is already a declared illness but may well become an epidemic.

Also, 80% of people lived in dire poverty; currently, it's about 8.5%. As many as 88% were illiterate then compared to 10% today. Worldwide life expectancy has also doubled since then, and in 2024, it almost touched 74. Also, in the old days, 50% newborns died before turning five; now, below 4% do. While 19th-century American households spent 58 hours at household chores, now it's 18 hours.

They may look like cockroach survivors to many of us, but our ancestors in the heavens probably think we are the overreacting type who would readily burn a house to scare a mouse. That would not be fair. The Spanish Flu of 1918 wiped out 50 million and was more devastating than COVID-19 that killed 7 million. It is because we kept complaining that epidemic control evolved and got better.

Our complaints may not have brought down global warming yet, but it has flattened the rate of carbon emission. It is now rising at 0.2% per year and not 1.9% as it did between 2005 and 2014. Rarely, if ever, did people complain in the past about steam engines and chimney smoke darkening the skies. Instead, soot and yellow smoke became lyrical at the hands of poets.

This is what democracy has done to us. It's a time machine, and once we board it and if the person at the wheel is adroit, we are in for a ride at dizzying speed. We see and taste things nobody ever did before, and like spoiled brats at a roller coaster, we keep screaming for more. The machine, however, has a built-in flaw. It has no reverse gear and cannot go back to the past, near or distant.

The synonym for adroit is:

Answer options

Q11:

2026: 24 May Shift 1

Passage

Easy

By all measures, we are living today in the best of times, but we complain as though we are in the worst of times. Since 1800, our population has increased sevenfold, and the number of farming units has fallen sharply. Yet, we have more food now than ever before. Obesity is already a declared illness but may well become an epidemic.

Also, 80% of people lived in dire poverty; currently, it's about 8.5%. As many as 88% were illiterate then compared to 10% today. Worldwide life expectancy has also doubled since then, and in 2024, it almost touched 74. Also, in the old days, 50% newborns died before turning five; now, below 4% do. While 19th-century American households spent 58 hours at household chores, now it's 18 hours.

They may look like cockroach survivors to many of us, but our ancestors in the heavens probably think we are the overreacting type who would readily burn a house to scare a mouse. That would not be fair. The Spanish Flu of 1918 wiped out 50 million and was more devastating than COVID-19 that killed 7 million. It is because we kept complaining that epidemic control evolved and got better.

Our complaints may not have brought down global warming yet, but it has flattened the rate of carbon emission. It is now rising at 0.2% per year and not 1.9% as it did between 2005 and 2014. Rarely, if ever, did people complain in the past about steam engines and chimney smoke darkening the skies. Instead, soot and yellow smoke became lyrical at the hands of poets.

This is what democracy has done to us. It's a time machine, and once we board it and if the person at the wheel is adroit, we are in for a ride at dizzying speed. We see and taste things nobody ever did before, and like spoiled brats at a roller coaster, we keep screaming for more. The machine, however, has a built-in flaw. It has no reverse gear and cannot go back to the past, near or distant.

Identify the figure of speech used in the following sentence.

Democracy is a time machine.

Answer options

Q12:

2026: 24 May Shift 1

Passage

Medium

By all measures, we are living today in the best of times, but we complain as though we are in the worst of times. Since 1800, our population has increased sevenfold, and the number of farming units has fallen sharply. Yet, we have more food now than ever before. Obesity is already a declared illness but may well become an epidemic.

Also, 80% of people lived in dire poverty; currently, it's about 8.5%. As many as 88% were illiterate then compared to 10% today. Worldwide life expectancy has also doubled since then, and in 2024, it almost touched 74. Also, in the old days, 50% newborns died before turning five; now, below 4% do. While 19th-century American households spent 58 hours at household chores, now it's 18 hours.

They may look like cockroach survivors to many of us, but our ancestors in the heavens probably think we are the overreacting type who would readily burn a house to scare a mouse. That would not be fair. The Spanish Flu of 1918 wiped out 50 million and was more devastating than COVID-19 that killed 7 million. It is because we kept complaining that epidemic control evolved and got better.

Our complaints may not have brought down global warming yet, but it has flattened the rate of carbon emission. It is now rising at 0.2% per year and not 1.9% as it did between 2005 and 2014. Rarely, if ever, did people complain in the past about steam engines and chimney smoke darkening the skies. Instead, soot and yellow smoke became lyrical at the hands of poets.

This is what democracy has done to us. It's a time machine, and once we board it and if the person at the wheel is adroit, we are in for a ride at dizzying speed. We see and taste things nobody ever did before, and like spoiled brats at a roller coaster, we keep screaming for more. The machine, however, has a built-in flaw. It has no reverse gear and cannot go back to the past, near or distant.

According to the passage, we behave like spoiled children because:

Answer options

Q13:

2026: 24 May Shift 1

Passage

Easy

Humans are deluded creatures who always think they are born to rule and dictate. This human delusion has assumed dangerous proportions in these times when humans are on a rampage, destroying and devouring all those they fallaciously perceive as inferior. The religio-scriptural belief humans are the best of all creations has made us believe we are the monarchs of all we survey.

The misconception that nature has made us the undisputed supreme species who can eliminate others at will, underscores speciesism. The great Persian mystic Hakim Sanai wrote centuries ago, "Humans must learn to coexist with all creatures," and the poet Anvari said "Hubristic humans are threats to all creatures and non-human animals."

All mystics believe the very concept of equality and egalitarianism could be fully understood and realized only when humans could accept the most exalted truth- that even a leaf, an ant, and a branch of tree has a pure essence and spirit, is as sacred as the human spirit.

In other words, it is not enough to establish equality and egalitarianism among humans; there should be seamless equality and a spirit of relatable empathy among all. How can we be condescending or disparaging to any other species on Earth? Never forget every particle glitters with effulgence of divinity. The problem with us is our ingrained condescension. Even in our so-called love for animals and other species, there is always an element of pontification that can be equated with Rudyard Kipling's downright pejorative phrase, "The White Man's Burden." Who has given us the right to treat animals the way we have been treating them right from the dawn of human civilization?

The mantra of Speciesism is:-

Answer options

Q14:

2026: 24 May Shift 1

Passage

Easy

Humans are deluded creatures who always think they are born to rule and dictate. This human delusion has assumed dangerous proportions in these times when humans are on a rampage, destroying and devouring all those they fallaciously perceive as inferior. The religio-scriptural belief humans are the best of all creations has made us believe we are the monarchs of all we survey.

The misconception that nature has made us the undisputed supreme species who can eliminate others at will, underscores speciesism. The great Persian mystic Hakim Sanai wrote centuries ago, "Humans must learn to coexist with all creatures," and the poet Anvari said "Hubristic humans are threats to all creatures and non-human animals."

All mystics believe the very concept of equality and egalitarianism could be fully understood and realized only when humans could accept the most exalted truth- that even a leaf, an ant, and a branch of tree has a pure essence and spirit, is as sacred as the human spirit.

In other words, it is not enough to establish equality and egalitarianism among humans; there should be seamless equality and a spirit of relatable empathy among all. How can we be condescending or disparaging to any other species on Earth? Never forget every particle glitters with effulgence of divinity. The problem with us is our ingrained condescension. Even in our so-called love for animals and other species, there is always an element of pontification that can be equated with Rudyard Kipling's downright pejorative phrase, "The White Man's Burden." Who has given us the right to treat animals the way we have been treating them right from the dawn of human civilization?

Humans have been called 'deluded' creatures because—

Answer options

Q15:

2026: 24 May Shift 1

Passage

Medium

Humans are deluded creatures who always think they are born to rule and dictate. This human delusion has assumed dangerous proportions in these times when humans are on a rampage, destroying and devouring all those they fallaciously perceive as inferior. The religio-scriptural belief humans are the best of all creations has made us believe we are the monarchs of all we survey.

The misconception that nature has made us the undisputed supreme species who can eliminate others at will, underscores speciesism. The great Persian mystic Hakim Sanai wrote centuries ago, "Humans must learn to coexist with all creatures," and the poet Anvari said "Hubristic humans are threats to all creatures and non-human animals."

All mystics believe the very concept of equality and egalitarianism could be fully understood and realized only when humans could accept the most exalted truth- that even a leaf, an ant, and a branch of tree has a pure essence and spirit, is as sacred as the human spirit.

In other words, it is not enough to establish equality and egalitarianism among humans; there should be seamless equality and a spirit of relatable empathy among all. How can we be condescending or disparaging to any other species on Earth? Never forget every particle glitters with effulgence of divinity. The problem with us is our ingrained condescension. Even in our so-called love for animals and other species, there is always an element of pontification that can be equated with Rudyard Kipling's downright pejorative phrase, "The White Man's Burden." Who has given us the right to treat animals the way we have been treating them right from the dawn of human civilization?

What destructive human trait is referred to by the phrase "hubristic humans"?

Answer options

Q16:

2026: 24 May Shift 1

Passage

Easy

Humans are deluded creatures who always think they are born to rule and dictate. This human delusion has assumed dangerous proportions in these times when humans are on a rampage, destroying and devouring all those they fallaciously perceive as inferior. The religio-scriptural belief humans are the best of all creations has made us believe we are the monarchs of all we survey.

The misconception that nature has made us the undisputed supreme species who can eliminate others at will, underscores speciesism. The great Persian mystic Hakim Sanai wrote centuries ago, "Humans must learn to coexist with all creatures," and the poet Anvari said "Hubristic humans are threats to all creatures and non-human animals."

All mystics believe the very concept of equality and egalitarianism could be fully understood and realized only when humans could accept the most exalted truth- that even a leaf, an ant, and a branch of tree has a pure essence and spirit, is as sacred as the human spirit.

In other words, it is not enough to establish equality and egalitarianism among humans; there should be seamless equality and a spirit of relatable empathy among all. How can we be condescending or disparaging to any other species on Earth? Never forget every particle glitters with effulgence of divinity. The problem with us is our ingrained condescension. Even in our so-called love for animals and other species, there is always an element of pontification that can be equated with Rudyard Kipling's downright pejorative phrase, "The White Man's Burden." Who has given us the right to treat animals the way we have been treating them right from the dawn of human civilization?

What are the consequences of humanity's delusional misconceptions?

Answer options

Q17:

2026: 24 May Shift 1

Passage

Easy

Humans are deluded creatures who always think they are born to rule and dictate. This human delusion has assumed dangerous proportions in these times when humans are on a rampage, destroying and devouring all those they fallaciously perceive as inferior. The religio-scriptural belief humans are the best of all creations has made us believe we are the monarchs of all we survey.

The misconception that nature has made us the undisputed supreme species who can eliminate others at will, underscores speciesism. The great Persian mystic Hakim Sanai wrote centuries ago, "Humans must learn to coexist with all creatures," and the poet Anvari said "Hubristic humans are threats to all creatures and non-human animals."

All mystics believe the very concept of equality and egalitarianism could be fully understood and realized only when humans could accept the most exalted truth- that even a leaf, an ant, and a branch of tree has a pure essence and spirit, is as sacred as the human spirit.

In other words, it is not enough to establish equality and egalitarianism among humans; there should be seamless equality and a spirit of relatable empathy among all. How can we be condescending or disparaging to any other species on Earth? Never forget every particle glitters with effulgence of divinity. The problem with us is our ingrained condescension. Even in our so-called love for animals and other species, there is always an element of pontification that can be equated with Rudyard Kipling's downright pejorative phrase, "The White Man's Burden." Who has given us the right to treat animals the way we have been treating them right from the dawn of human civilization?

Every particle glittering with 'effulgence of divinity" suggests that...

Answer options

Q18:

2026: 23 May Shift 2

Passage

Easy

The cybersecurity industry is booming thanks to our increasingly digital, auto-mated world. And while this does create a digital landscape that is predatory in nature, it also provides more avenues for techies looking to specialise in a particular field of study – while providing opportunities to do some good in our world.

Cybersecurity specialists we spoke to say that artificial intelligence is speeding up both sides of this domain. Offence is quicker at finding weak points while defence is sharper at spotting trouble early. That is why careers are clustering around two complementary specialisms: red teams that think like attackers and blue teams that run the defence. "Red teams are cybersecurity professionals authorised to work on the offensive side, simulating real-world cyberattacks and helping test an organisation's existing defences,” says Zubair Chowgale, sales engineering manager, for APMEA at Securonix. “They document their findings and provide actionable recommendations to the blue team.” Blue teams, he adds, monitor the network, contain threats and respond.

Inspira Enterprise's managing director Chetan Jain describes how this plays out across people and technology. He says red teams gather information, run ethical attacks – including phishing campaigns and even tests of physical access – and try to move through a company as a real intruder would. Blue teams, by contrast, spend their days hunting for suspicious signs in logs, investigating alerts and hardening systems so weak spots are removed. In plain words: one side safely breaks while the other side calmly fixes.

The best programmes make both sides work together. “Purple team” drills, says Jain, “foster collaboration between red and blue teams,” with both sharing insights in real time, tuning detection rules and building new playbooks together. His team found that continuous feedback loops enabled immediate learning and a shared understanding of where defences needed to improve. Think of it as lessons moving instantly from the attack to the fix.

What is the benefit of continuous feedback loops in cybersecurity as mentioned in the article?

Answer options

Q19:

2026: 23 May Shift 2

Passage

Easy

The cybersecurity industry is booming thanks to our increasingly digital, auto-mated world. And while this does create a digital landscape that is predatory in nature, it also provides more avenues for techies looking to specialise in a particular field of study – while providing opportunities to do some good in our world.

Cybersecurity specialists we spoke to say that artificial intelligence is speeding up both sides of this domain. Offence is quicker at finding weak points while defence is sharper at spotting trouble early. That is why careers are clustering around two complementary specialisms: red teams that think like attackers and blue teams that run the defence. "Red teams are cybersecurity professionals authorised to work on the offensive side, simulating real-world cyberattacks and helping test an organisation's existing defences,” says Zubair Chowgale, sales engineering manager, for APMEA at Securonix. “They document their findings and provide actionable recommendations to the blue team.” Blue teams, he adds, monitor the network, contain threats and respond.

Inspira Enterprise's managing director Chetan Jain describes how this plays out across people and technology. He says red teams gather information, run ethical attacks – including phishing campaigns and even tests of physical access – and try to move through a company as a real intruder would. Blue teams, by contrast, spend their days hunting for suspicious signs in logs, investigating alerts and hardening systems so weak spots are removed. In plain words: one side safely breaks while the other side calmly fixes.

The best programmes make both sides work together. “Purple team” drills, says Jain, “foster collaboration between red and blue teams,” with both sharing insights in real time, tuning detection rules and building new playbooks together. His team found that continuous feedback loops enabled immediate learning and a shared understanding of where defences needed to improve. Think of it as lessons moving instantly from the attack to the fix.

What is the primary role of the red team in cybersecurity?

Answer options

Q20:

2026: 23 May Shift 2

Passage

Easy

The cybersecurity industry is booming thanks to our increasingly digital, auto-mated world. And while this does create a digital landscape that is predatory in nature, it also provides more avenues for techies looking to specialise in a particular field of study – while providing opportunities to do some good in our world.

Cybersecurity specialists we spoke to say that artificial intelligence is speeding up both sides of this domain. Offence is quicker at finding weak points while defence is sharper at spotting trouble early. That is why careers are clustering around two complementary specialisms: red teams that think like attackers and blue teams that run the defence. "Red teams are cybersecurity professionals authorised to work on the offensive side, simulating real-world cyberattacks and helping test an organisation's existing defences,” says Zubair Chowgale, sales engineering manager, for APMEA at Securonix. “They document their findings and provide actionable recommendations to the blue team.” Blue teams, he adds, monitor the network, contain threats and respond.

Inspira Enterprise's managing director Chetan Jain describes how this plays out across people and technology. He says red teams gather information, run ethical attacks – including phishing campaigns and even tests of physical access – and try to move through a company as a real intruder would. Blue teams, by contrast, spend their days hunting for suspicious signs in logs, investigating alerts and hardening systems so weak spots are removed. In plain words: one side safely breaks while the other side calmly fixes.

The best programmes make both sides work together. “Purple team” drills, says Jain, “foster collaboration between red and blue teams,” with both sharing insights in real time, tuning detection rules and building new playbooks together. His team found that continuous feedback loops enabled immediate learning and a shared understanding of where defences needed to improve. Think of it as lessons moving instantly from the attack to the fix.

The 'Purple team' in the passage does not assist in

Answer options

Q21:

2026: 23 May Shift 2

Passage

Easy

The cybersecurity industry is booming thanks to our increasingly digital, auto-mated world. And while this does create a digital landscape that is predatory in nature, it also provides more avenues for techies looking to specialise in a particular field of study – while providing opportunities to do some good in our world.

Cybersecurity specialists we spoke to say that artificial intelligence is speeding up both sides of this domain. Offence is quicker at finding weak points while defence is sharper at spotting trouble early. That is why careers are clustering around two complementary specialisms: red teams that think like attackers and blue teams that run the defence. "Red teams are cybersecurity professionals authorised to work on the offensive side, simulating real-world cyberattacks and helping test an organisation's existing defences,” says Zubair Chowgale, sales engineering manager, for APMEA at Securonix. “They document their findings and provide actionable recommendations to the blue team.” Blue teams, he adds, monitor the network, contain threats and respond.

Inspira Enterprise's managing director Chetan Jain describes how this plays out across people and technology. He says red teams gather information, run ethical attacks – including phishing campaigns and even tests of physical access – and try to move through a company as a real intruder would. Blue teams, by contrast, spend their days hunting for suspicious signs in logs, investigating alerts and hardening systems so weak spots are removed. In plain words: one side safely breaks while the other side calmly fixes.

The best programmes make both sides work together. “Purple team” drills, says Jain, “foster collaboration between red and blue teams,” with both sharing insights in real time, tuning detection rules and building new playbooks together. His team found that continuous feedback loops enabled immediate learning and a shared understanding of where defences needed to improve. Think of it as lessons moving instantly from the attack to the fix.

What does the author mean by one side safely breaks while the other side calmly fixes?

Answer options

Q22:

2026: 23 May Shift 2

Passage

Easy

The cybersecurity industry is booming thanks to our increasingly digital, auto-mated world. And while this does create a digital landscape that is predatory in nature, it also provides more avenues for techies looking to specialise in a particular field of study – while providing opportunities to do some good in our world.

Cybersecurity specialists we spoke to say that artificial intelligence is speeding up both sides of this domain. Offence is quicker at finding weak points while defence is sharper at spotting trouble early. That is why careers are clustering around two complementary specialisms: red teams that think like attackers and blue teams that run the defence. "Red teams are cybersecurity professionals authorised to work on the offensive side, simulating real-world cyberattacks and helping test an organisation's existing defences,” says Zubair Chowgale, sales engineering manager, for APMEA at Securonix. “They document their findings and provide actionable recommendations to the blue team.” Blue teams, he adds, monitor the network, contain threats and respond.

Inspira Enterprise's managing director Chetan Jain describes how this plays out across people and technology. He says red teams gather information, run ethical attacks – including phishing campaigns and even tests of physical access – and try to move through a company as a real intruder would. Blue teams, by contrast, spend their days hunting for suspicious signs in logs, investigating alerts and hardening systems so weak spots are removed. In plain words: one side safely breaks while the other side calmly fixes.

The best programmes make both sides work together. “Purple team” drills, says Jain, “foster collaboration between red and blue teams,” with both sharing insights in real time, tuning detection rules and building new playbooks together. His team found that continuous feedback loops enabled immediate learning and a shared understanding of where defences needed to improve. Think of it as lessons moving instantly from the attack to the fix.

According to the passage, what is the main reason for the boom in the cybersecurity industry?

Answer options

Q23:

2026: 23 May Shift 2

Passage

Easy

Dr Solomon Margolin took a last look in the mirror and left the house. He felt refreshed by the half-hour nap he had had after dinner. Despite his age, he still wanted to impress people with his appearance-even the Senciminers. He had his illusions. In Germany he had taken pride in the fact that he looked like a Junker, and in New York he was often aware that he could pass for an Anglo-Saxon. He was tall, slim, blond, blue-eyed. His hair was thinning, had turned somewhat grey, but he managed to disguise these signs of age. He stooped a little, but in company was quick to straighten up. Years ago, in Germany he had worn monocle and though in New York that would have been too pretentious, his glance still retained a European severity. He had his principles. He had never broken the Hippocratic Oath. With his patients he was honourable to an extreme, avoiding every kind of cant; and he had refused a number of dubious associations that smacked of careerism. Gretl claimed his sense of houour amounted to a mania. Dr Margolin's car was in the garage - not a cadillac like that of most his colleagues - but he decides to go by taxi. He was unfamiliar with Brookyln and the heavy snow made driving hazardous. He waved his hand and at once a taxi pulled over to the curb. He was afraid the driver might refuse to go as far as Brownsville, but he flicked the meter on without a word.

The pointer of Dr Solomon's advancing age is his:

Answer options

Q24:

2026: 23 May Shift 2

Passage

Medium

Dr Solomon Margolin took a last look in the mirror and left the house. He felt refreshed by the half-hour nap he had had after dinner. Despite his age, he still wanted to impress people with his appearance-even the Senciminers. He had his illusions. In Germany he had taken pride in the fact that he looked like a Junker, and in New York he was often aware that he could pass for an Anglo-Saxon. He was tall, slim, blond, blue-eyed. His hair was thinning, had turned somewhat grey, but he managed to disguise these signs of age. He stooped a little, but in company was quick to straighten up. Years ago, in Germany he had worn monocle and though in New York that would have been too pretentious, his glance still retained a European severity. He had his principles. He had never broken the Hippocratic Oath. With his patients he was honourable to an extreme, avoiding every kind of cant; and he had refused a number of dubious associations that smacked of careerism. Gretl claimed his sense of houour amounted to a mania. Dr Margolin's car was in the garage - not a cadillac like that of most his colleagues - but he decides to go by taxi. He was unfamiliar with Brookyln and the heavy snow made driving hazardous. He waved his hand and at once a taxi pulled over to the curb. He was afraid the driver might refuse to go as far as Brownsville, but he flicked the meter on without a word.

Evidently Dr Solomon kept his medical profession __________.

Answer options

Q25:

2026: 23 May Shift 2

Passage

Medium

Dr Solomon Margolin took a last look in the mirror and left the house. He felt refreshed by the half-hour nap he had had after dinner. Despite his age, he still wanted to impress people with his appearance-even the Senciminers. He had his illusions. In Germany he had taken pride in the fact that he looked like a Junker, and in New York he was often aware that he could pass for an Anglo-Saxon. He was tall, slim, blond, blue-eyed. His hair was thinning, had turned somewhat grey, but he managed to disguise these signs of age. He stooped a little, but in company was quick to straighten up. Years ago, in Germany he had worn monocle and though in New York that would have been too pretentious, his glance still retained a European severity. He had his principles. He had never broken the Hippocratic Oath. With his patients he was honourable to an extreme, avoiding every kind of cant; and he had refused a number of dubious associations that smacked of careerism. Gretl claimed his sense of houour amounted to a mania. Dr Margolin's car was in the garage - not a cadillac like that of most his colleagues - but he decides to go by taxi. He was unfamiliar with Brookyln and the heavy snow made driving hazardous. He waved his hand and at once a taxi pulled over to the curb. He was afraid the driver might refuse to go as far as Brownsville, but he flicked the meter on without a word.

'He wanted to impress people by his appearance.' This suggested that Dr Solomon was __________ by temperament.

Answer options

Q26:

2026: 23 May Shift 2

Passage

Medium

Dr Solomon Margolin took a last look in the mirror and left the house. He felt refreshed by the half-hour nap he had had after dinner. Despite his age, he still wanted to impress people with his appearance-even the Senciminers. He had his illusions. In Germany he had taken pride in the fact that he looked like a Junker, and in New York he was often aware that he could pass for an Anglo-Saxon. He was tall, slim, blond, blue-eyed. His hair was thinning, had turned somewhat grey, but he managed to disguise these signs of age. He stooped a little, but in company was quick to straighten up. Years ago, in Germany he had worn monocle and though in New York that would have been too pretentious, his glance still retained a European severity. He had his principles. He had never broken the Hippocratic Oath. With his patients he was honourable to an extreme, avoiding every kind of cant; and he had refused a number of dubious associations that smacked of careerism. Gretl claimed his sense of houour amounted to a mania. Dr Margolin's car was in the garage - not a cadillac like that of most his colleagues - but he decides to go by taxi. He was unfamiliar with Brookyln and the heavy snow made driving hazardous. He waved his hand and at once a taxi pulled over to the curb. He was afraid the driver might refuse to go as far as Brownsville, but he flicked the meter on without a word.

The word closest in meaning to cant is:

Answer options

Q27:

2026: 23 May Shift 2

Passage

Easy

Dr Solomon Margolin took a last look in the mirror and left the house. He felt refreshed by the half-hour nap he had had after dinner. Despite his age, he still wanted to impress people with his appearance-even the Senciminers. He had his illusions. In Germany he had taken pride in the fact that he looked like a Junker, and in New York he was often aware that he could pass for an Anglo-Saxon. He was tall, slim, blond, blue-eyed. His hair was thinning, had turned somewhat grey, but he managed to disguise these signs of age. He stooped a little, but in company was quick to straighten up. Years ago, in Germany he had worn monocle and though in New York that would have been too pretentious, his glance still retained a European severity. He had his principles. He had never broken the Hippocratic Oath. With his patients he was honourable to an extreme, avoiding every kind of cant; and he had refused a number of dubious associations that smacked of careerism. Gretl claimed his sense of houour amounted to a mania. Dr Margolin's car was in the garage - not a cadillac like that of most his colleagues - but he decides to go by taxi. He was unfamiliar with Brookyln and the heavy snow made driving hazardous. He waved his hand and at once a taxi pulled over to the curb. He was afraid the driver might refuse to go as far as Brownsville, but he flicked the meter on without a word.

Hippocratic oath is taken by the __________.

Answer options

Q28:

2026: 22 May Shift 2

Passage

Hard

Over the last decade, psychologists and cognitive scientists have observed a striking shift in the way young adults engage with information. One of the most frequently studied phenomena is digital distraction—the continuous fragmentation of attention due to notifications, multi-tasking and high-frequency screen engagement. Research from various cognitive labs indicates that task-switching, a behaviour commonly mistaken for multi-tasking, results in what is called a "switch cost": a measurable decline in accuracy and processing speed whenever the brain toggles between competing inputs.

Young adults are particularly susceptible because their academic, social and professional spheres increasingly depend on digital platforms. Studies tracking screen-use patterns show that people aged 18–25 check their phones an average of 120–150 times a day, often without conscious awareness. Neuroimaging research suggests that such habitual checking stimulates the brain's dopaminergic reward system, creating an anticipatory loop that reinforces the behaviour even when the content provides little value.

A less-discussed consequence is cognitive thinning—a term researchers use to describe the gradual reduction in deep-focus capacity. This does not imply long-term cognitive damage, but rather a reallocation of attentional habits. Individuals accustomed to rapid, low-effort information tend to experience greater difficulty sustaining concentration during tasks requiring extended reasoning, such as reading complex texts or solving multi-step problems.

Despite these concerns, experts emphasise that digital engagement itself is not harmful; rather its unregulated use is. Interventions such as timed screen breaks, structured "focus blocks," and switching devices to grayscale mode have been shown to reduce compulsive checking by altering reward expectations. Ultimately, the challenge for young adults is not the presence of technology but the cultivation of deliberate, self-regulated attention in an environment designed to compete for every second of cognitive bandwidth.

In the passage, the phrase "reallocation of attentional habits" implies-

Answer options

Q29:

2026: 22 May Shift 2

Passage

Medium

Over the last decade, psychologists and cognitive scientists have observed a striking shift in the way young adults engage with information. One of the most frequently studied phenomena is digital distraction—the continuous fragmentation of attention due to notifications, multi-tasking and high-frequency screen engagement. Research from various cognitive labs indicates that task-switching, a behaviour commonly mistaken for multi-tasking, results in what is called a "switch cost": a measurable decline in accuracy and processing speed whenever the brain toggles between competing inputs.

Young adults are particularly susceptible because their academic, social and professional spheres increasingly depend on digital platforms. Studies tracking screen-use patterns show that people aged 18–25 check their phones an average of 120–150 times a day, often without conscious awareness. Neuroimaging research suggests that such habitual checking stimulates the brain's dopaminergic reward system, creating an anticipatory loop that reinforces the behaviour even when the content provides little value.

A less-discussed consequence is cognitive thinning—a term researchers use to describe the gradual reduction in deep-focus capacity. This does not imply long-term cognitive damage, but rather a reallocation of attentional habits. Individuals accustomed to rapid, low-effort information tend to experience greater difficulty sustaining concentration during tasks requiring extended reasoning, such as reading complex texts or solving multi-step problems.

Despite these concerns, experts emphasise that digital engagement itself is not harmful; rather its unregulated use is. Interventions such as timed screen breaks, structured "focus blocks," and switching devices to grayscale mode have been shown to reduce compulsive checking by altering reward expectations. Ultimately, the challenge for young adults is not the presence of technology but the cultivation of deliberate, self-regulated attention in an environment designed to compete for every second of cognitive bandwidth.

Which inference is best supported by the passage?

Answer options

Q30:

2026: 22 May Shift 2

Passage

Medium

Over the last decade, psychologists and cognitive scientists have observed a striking shift in the way young adults engage with information. One of the most frequently studied phenomena is digital distraction—the continuous fragmentation of attention due to notifications, multi-tasking and high-frequency screen engagement. Research from various cognitive labs indicates that task-switching, a behaviour commonly mistaken for multi-tasking, results in what is called a "switch cost": a measurable decline in accuracy and processing speed whenever the brain toggles between competing inputs.

Young adults are particularly susceptible because their academic, social and professional spheres increasingly depend on digital platforms. Studies tracking screen-use patterns show that people aged 18–25 check their phones an average of 120–150 times a day, often without conscious awareness. Neuroimaging research suggests that such habitual checking stimulates the brain's dopaminergic reward system, creating an anticipatory loop that reinforces the behaviour even when the content provides little value.

A less-discussed consequence is cognitive thinning—a term researchers use to describe the gradual reduction in deep-focus capacity. This does not imply long-term cognitive damage, but rather a reallocation of attentional habits. Individuals accustomed to rapid, low-effort information tend to experience greater difficulty sustaining concentration during tasks requiring extended reasoning, such as reading complex texts or solving multi-step problems.

Despite these concerns, experts emphasise that digital engagement itself is not harmful; rather its unregulated use is. Interventions such as timed screen breaks, structured "focus blocks," and switching devices to grayscale mode have been shown to reduce compulsive checking by altering reward expectations. Ultimately, the challenge for young adults is not the presence of technology but the cultivation of deliberate, self-regulated attention in an environment designed to compete for every second of cognitive bandwidth.

With reference to the passage, the word "anticipatory" (in "anticipatory loop") means-

Answer options